The next sultan

A “Golden Age” of courtly dance and drama was ushered in by Hamengkubuwono VII during the 1920s and 1930s.Much of the sizeable court income from sugar estates was lavished upon massive performances lasting many days and featuring casts of hundreds but a part of it was also devoted to providing a western education for his children.

The young Prince Dorodjatun who was to become the next sultan, was sent to live wiyh Dutch families from the age of four, and attended Dutch schools in Yogya, Semarang, and Bandung. Upon Graduation, he was sent to Holland. Where after nine years of study, he reached the final stage of his doctoral studies at Leiden University.

Because of the unstable situation in Europe and his father’s failing health. Dorojatun was called back to Yogya in 1939, on arriving in Batavia, he was informed of the Sultan’s intentions to name him as crown prince. The Sultan’s health took a turn for the worse on the trip home, however, and it is said that went they alit from the train a thunderbolt suddenly struck the city from clear, blue skies – an ominous note in the eyes of the Javanese. Hamengkubuwono VIII died the following day.

Fluent in Dutch and conversant in western political and economic matters, the young sultan to be prudently negotiated the terms of his rule with the colonial government for six months before agreeing to ascend the throne. In his coronation speech ( in Dutch), he proudly declared : “Although I have a Western education, I am first and Foremost a Javanese.”

Practical and quick to act, Hamengkubuwono IX assumed responsibility for the day to day administration of his realm in extremely difficult times. Through three and a half years of wartime occupation (1942 – 1945) he steadfastly refused japanese request to send Yogyanese laborers abroad to an almost certain death, insisting that they were needed at home to construc an irrigation canal linking the progo and Opak rivers, Frequent visits incognito to the villages, meanwhile, kept him in touch with the peasants and their deteriorating living conditions.

His support of the new Indonesian Republic proved crucial to its survival through four long year of revolution, and his strenght and quite integrity helped steer the young nation thereafter through several decades of social upheaval and economic hardship. He held several ministerial posts, even serving a term as Vice Prisident under Suharto, All the while maintaining an active role as Yogya’s Sultan. Under his rule, palace rituals were simplified but not abolished, and several new dances were added to the palace repertoire.

Five months after his death, on march 7 1989, his eldest son was crowned Hamengkubuwono X amidst much pomp and ceremony. The young sultan has inherited not only his father’s throne but also some of his charisma and common sense. Chairman of the local chamber of commerce and a member of the national legislature, the new sultan is a popular figure who is very much aware of his dual role as preserver of Yogya’s traditional culture and pioneer of the city’s future.

Yogya’s Popular Line of Sultans

Unlike many former Indonesian rulers who have retreated to their palaces or plunged into the world of commerce and industry, The hamengkubuwono rulling family of Yogya has managed to forge a new and dynamic role for itself in modern Indonesia – a role based on public service and deep concern for the commonweal. In the process, they have not oly retained the great respect and loyalty historically accorded them by their own Yogyanese subjects, but have also developed a nationwide following. Much of this is due to the unusual energy and talent of the late Hamengkubuwono IX (r. 1940-1989).

From its founding in 1755, Yogya’s rulers have been quick to adapt to the new situations. Hamengkubuwono I (r.1755-1992) was a dynamic military commander who fought the Dutch and his own ruling family to a stand still through nine years of war, then negotiated to recieve half of the Mataram Kingdom with Dutch blessings as the price of a peace settlement. As an innovative city planner and builder throughout the remaining 37 years of his reign, he carefully selected a site for his new kingdom and then constructed not only an elegant palace, but a unique pleasure garden surrounded by a vast, artificial lake ( Taman sari), Both complexes are imbued with a symbolism and powerful aura which the centuries have not obscured.

Following Hamengkubuwono I’s death, the thorne fell to one of his sons, an intelligent but arrogant ruler whose reign was marred by intrigues . Hamengkubuwono II had unique misfortune of being deposed three times (once by the Dutch and twice by the British), and exiled twice – once to Penang and once to Ambon – only to be restored to the throne each time. He was also an extremely prolific father; his two queens and 31 concubines bore him 80 children.

Hamengkubuwono III inherited neither his grandfather’s great authority, nor his father’s arrogance. And during his tenure an unfavorable agreement with the British under Rafles led to unrest among the Yogya nobility. The ascendency to the throne of his 13-year old son. Hamengkubuwono IV, in 1814 brought on a flurry of court intrigues, and poisoning was the suspected cause of the young ruler’s untimely death 1822.

A three year old son succeded him under the tutelage of a Dutch appointed commitee, which include one of the young sultan’s uncles, Prince Diponegoro, Land disputes and religious zeal led Diponegoro into a bloody 5 year rebellion against the Dutch and his own family between 1825-1830.

Thereafther, Yogya lived in peace under the reign of four successive sultans, all of whom became wealthy patrons of the arts. Like most of Asia’a traditional rulers at this time, the sultans hob nobbed with foreign dignitaries and styled themselves afther the manner of European royalty.

Renovation Borobudur

Backpacker jogja -In The year 1842 Hartman does investigation to main Stupa becoming crown from temple building. this Stupa by Cornelis has found out in condition of made known at part of its body. Hence Hartman will know what which on file in stupa cavity. Story news which spread over got it an arca Budha in the cavity later questionable. What is clear blessing of effort for Hartman hence changing view in countryside Borobudur. Flat rural of that has crown in the form of ancient building boosting height to garden and resident rice field. Presumably this beautiful view assumed need to enjoyed. In the year 1845 delivered by portrait expert so called Schaefer to make a picture reliefs Candi Borobudur. Result of its is very dissatisfactory, so that in the year 1849 taken decision to execute depiction of relief through depiction by hand. The duty charged upon Wilsen, a talented marker. During 4 year, he finalizes the picture, result of his, is drawing from parts of building 476 drawing sheets from the reliefs.

Wilsen tries also to compile some description of Borobudur, but actually government has assigned Brumund for the thing. Simply is misunderstanding, Brumund of opinion that the description has made ready in the year 1856 would in publishing entirely by equiped by pictures from wilsen. On the contrary governmental had a notion the will become publication of opening is description and picture yielded by wisen, medium breakdown of Brumund only taken as complement. Brumund becomes disappointed, finally copy wilsen and brumund delivered by government to Leemans to be made monography made perfect with pictures wilsen. Meanwhile arises doubt also to accuracy of wilsen to depict figures from relief Borobudur Hence compilation duty of monography by leemans can be finalized result of its in the year 1873. ( Backpacker jogja )

Borobudur starts opened

Backpacker jogja - From the year 1811 to 1815, Indonesia becomes British country. Head of government of country is Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, and domiciles in Jakarta, he is many paying a visit island jawa, and he has extraordinary enthusiasm in history area.

In the year 1814 when he is going to town Semarang, he gets information existence of a temple in countryside Bumisegoro near by Magelang, which he has not recognized and by public called as Borobudur. Because no time visiting he to command Cornelius, which have been experienced explores temples, to do investigation.

In the year also Cornelius towards Borobudur, and which he meets is a hill growed by few leaves only trees and coppice that is close enough. Between the flora of course seems to be monstrous graven stones the numbers and various by place still looked to be in a state of compiling as part of building. With help of not less than 200 countryside residents, he soon does sweeping. Almost two months the duration the sweeping work is done but has not all ithe building can be shown again. Because there is certain parts is collapse ice if in unloading. Sweeping effort is continued between the year 1817 to 1825 and unknown categorically how result of its. Has just in the year 1835 Borobudur no longer become top from a hill but really seems to be as building standing to hill. Because effort from Hartman, which since 1832 taking hold of as Residen Kedu and starts the year 1834 labouring sweeping totally to Candi Borobudur. ( backpacker jogja )

Borobudur : History Darkness

Backpacker jogja - Unknown clearly when Candi Borobudur is build. There is no also description of goods a few about kings who labours its, and who is the architect. Also became question how long time required and how to execute realized that building which so luxury and respects.

On the basis of from guides from paleontology, historical science and paleography hence it is estimated that Candi Borobudur is build around year of 800 a.d. by king family Syailendra. Knowable also, that the temple design have ever experienced change, what executed time most of the building had stood. However, when completed its, still becomes mystery.

In general can be told, that development a temple has intention to glorify king which has passed away, at the same time is real expression from circumstantial respect to the parents exaltus. very attractive Borobudur Temple, its form as punden berundak-undak and the formation clarified with engravings depicts religion life opinion Budha.

At mid of century 14 then, the news would existence of religion building Budha from stream Wajradhara by the name " Budur" . For Absense Of other Budur hence it is of course so-called in book Negarakertagama numerical Empu Prapanca masterpiece of the year 1365 a.d. is Borobudur. However the news at the most the naming of name only, so that about clarity of the unknown history.

Backpacker jogja - There is storys relating to this Candi Borobudur, according to book " Babad Tanah Jawi" in 1790 a.d there is a figure so called Ki Mas Dana, the daugter;son in law from Ki Gede Paculikan, what rebels to King Amangkurat III having throne in Kartasura. The rebel go to the wall, then runs away to hill Borobudur. Empire commander, prince Pringgolaya performs a pursuit. Hill Borobudur is confined, Ki Mas Dana catched and brought to kartasura then serves time death.

In book " Babad Mataram" told that in the year 1757 a.d. sultanate Crown of Yogyakarta which so called Pangeran Mancanagara experiences mischance also in Borobudur. For him’s applies abstention to see arca in Borobudur, because one of arca depicts a satria which shut-in in hutch. On the contrary exactly The prince will see arca, as of the return in Istana falls sick and blood puking, finally, he dies.

The above is true, during approximately nine centuries , since forming of estimated around year of 800 up to 1700 a.d., Temple Borobudur is covered up by history darkness screen.